While frontal lobe epilepsy accounts for only 10-20% of patients in surgical series, the prevalence in non-surgical cohorts is probably higher. Frontal lobe epilepsy (FLE) probably represents 20-30% of partial seizures.Clinical diagnosis:The seizures which most of the time occur without warning, are often short and are followed by very rapid recovery.They frequently occur from sleep, and may occur in clusters of 5-6 or more per night, usually with partial recovery between, but status epilepticus is also common.Seizure manifestation:The seizure semiology is dependent on the area of cortex activated during a seizure and therefore can give important clues as to the presumed epileptogenic zone.Frontal lobe seizure semiology with predominantly positive motor symptoms can be grouped into three main categories:Frontal clonic seizuresBilateral asymmetrical tonic seizureComplex motor seizureRarer seizure types include: seizures characterized by brief lapses of awareness, akinetic seizures, aphasic seizures or seizures characterized by early head version without loss of awareness.ElectroencephalographyInterictal EEG recordings are often challenging and it is reported that up to 40% of patients with FLE do not have Interictal epileptiform discharges. The yield of prolonged video EEG recordings and careful review of EEG samples with closely spaced midline electrodes may be of higher yield.ImagingCT scan, MRI, PET and SPECT are used for determination of the lesion or abnormality. MRI can detect small area of dysplasia and heterotopia.TreatmentThe pharmacological treatment of FLE is as for other focal epilepsies. There are no good comparative drug trials specific to FLE. Surgery is less successful than for TLE with complete remission after focal resection in only 20-40%, even in the most highly selected cases.

The frontal lobe syndrome is a permanent personality change disorder with characteristic clinical pictures, which followed by frontal lobe damage. Clinical pictures include: Affective instability, recurrent aggressive behavior, impaired social judgment, apathy and undifferentiation or suspiciousness and paranoid ideations. According to DSM-IV classification frontal lobe syndrome named personality change due to head trauma on Axis I. Herein we report a case of 46 year- old man, who has developed behavioral disturbances following head trauma, about 10 years ago. Main clinical figures in this case are apathy, avolition and, undifferentiation. Clinical pictures are constant during these 10 years. The diagnostic approach has been based on patient’s problems history which, has took from his family, mental status examination, Neurological examination, Brain imaging and Neuropsychological assessment which related to frontal lobes function. Because of rarity & neglection due to mysterious function of frontal lobes, and also considering that personality change from previous level is prominent figure of this syndrome and also brain imaging findings, which compatible with clinical findings, with this aim, we have reported this case

Objectives: This study examined the hypothesis of cognitive functioning deficiency in the frontal lobe of conduct-disordered adolescents. Method: Cognitive functioning of frontal lobe in 21 conducts disordered male adolescents was compared with that of a matched control group. Stroop Test, Continuous Performance Test, collected data and Wisconsin Card Sorting Test. T-test, analysis of variance, and correlation coefficient were used for analysis of the data. Findings: The conduct disordered adolescents scored more poorly than the control group across most of the cognitive measures assessing frontal lobe functioning. They exhibited slower reaction time and greater false alarm errors on Stroop Test, executed more omission errors on Continuous Performance Test, and performed greater perseveration errors on Wisconsin Card Sorting Test. Results: Conduct disordered adolescents have cognitive functioning deficiencies in frontal lobe.

Background and Objective: In temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE), recurrent seizures accompany with cognitive deficit. In some patients, the current medications cannot provide satisfactory control of seizures, therefore new drugs that act through different mechanisms are required. In the present study, the useful effect of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor was evaluated in experimental model of temporal lobe epilepsy in male rats. Materials and Methods: In this study, the effects of administration of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor, linagliptin, on seizures score according to Racine’ s scores and learning and memory impairment induced by intrahippocampal injection of-maze and passive avoidance test were studied in rats. Linagliptin thirty minutes before kainic acid injection was administrated intracerebroventricularly. Results: In this study, the kainic acid-induced recurrent seizures, reduced alternation level in Y-maze test (p<0. 001) and lowered step through latency (STL) in the passive avoidance test (p<0. 001). Administration of linagliptin to epileptic rats reduced the score of status epilepticus seizures (p<0. 001), increased alternation score (p<0. 05) and learning capability in the passive avoidance test (p<0. 05). The difference between the effect of valproic acid and linagliptin on STL and Racine’ s scores was significant (p<0. 05-p<0. 01). Conclusion: The obtained data indicate that linagliptin in kainate rats mitigates seizure severity and develops short-term memory.

Objective: Status Epilepticus (SE) has been described as a series of major motor seizure without recovery of consciousness between seizures.SE is a medical emergency that requires prompt diagnosis and appropriate treatment.In this article we shall conclude history, epidemiology, etiology, risk factors, the best management as well as the prognosis of the condition.